Vipavska dolina / The Vipava valley
Vipava je kraj izvirov istoimenske reke, ki si z deltastim izvirom utira pot na več kot desetih mestih in potem vijugasto teče po dolini.
Vipava is a place of numerous springs of the river with the same name.
Značilnost in posebnost Vipavske doline je burja, ki na svoj način kroji življenje v deželi.
To je hladen in sunkovit severovzhodni veter, ki se s planot spušča proti dolini s povprečno hitrostjo 80 km/h, pozimi pa v sunkih doseže tudi občutno več kot 180 km/h.
Vipavska dolina leži na prepihu zgodovine, narodov in kultur. Skoznjo potekajo tisočletne poti med Italijo in Podonavjem.
The Vipava valley has a turbulent past and for millennia it has been a passage way between Italy and the Danube region.
V času Rimljanov je od Aquileie (Oglej) proti Panoniji skozi Vipavsko dolino vodila državna cesta, ki je bila najpomembnejša vez mediterana s celinskim svetom. Preden je bila zgrajena Castra, je ob njej stala cestna postaja Fluvio Frigido.
In the time of the Romans, a state road was built from Aquileia towards Pannonia through the Vipava Valley. The road was the most important link between the Mediterranean and the Continent.
Cesti Col - Hrušica
Pri gradu Trilek pri Colu najdeno rimski miljnik, postavljem ob cesti Akvileja - Emona.
A Roman milestone, found by Trilek Castle in Col, placed along the Aquileia - Emona road.
A Roman milestone, found by Trilek Castle in Col, placed along the Aquileia - Emona road.
Na območju Cola, ob rimski cesti, je bilo najdenih več predmetov iz rimskega časa (podkev, del ročnega mlina, kosti, žare, bakreni novci), pri gradu Trillek pa so nad cesto našli 15 rimskih zlatnikov. Pri kopanju temeljev za osnovno šolo in telovadnico so bili izkopani številni predmeti, ki kažejo na to, da je bilo območje Cola pomembna postaja rimske vojske. Čez Hrušico je vodila pomembna rimska cestna povezava med Apeninskim polotokom in Podonavjem. Tu je bila sprva poštna postaja, kasneje pa so na Hrušici zgradili utrdbo, kjer je danes urejen arheološki park Ad Pirum. An important Roman road link between the Apennine Peninsula and the Danubian region used to lead across Hrušica. At first, Hrušica included a postal station, but later witnessed the construction of a fortification which now homes the archaeological park Ad Pirum.
V poznem 3. stoletju so Rimljani okoli poštne postaje zgradili mogočno vojaško trdnjavo in v njej nastanili vojaška posadko. Takrat so namreč dolgo obdobje miru in blaginje zamajali vdori različnih germanskih in barbarskih ljudstev, ki so osvajala in ropala ozemlje imperija. Za obrambo Italije je bil zgrajen več kot 80 km dolg obrambni sistem, znan pod imenom Claustra Alpium Iuliarum, v katerega je bila vključena tudi trdnjava na Hrušici.
Tloris trdnjave je prilagojen zemljišču in je nepravilne ovalne oblike. Trdnjava je obdaja široko obzidje in utrjeno s stolpi. Prečni zid s stolpi je trdnjavo delil na spodnji in zgornji del. V spodnjem delu trdnjave je stalo štabno poslopje z vojaškimi barakami (lesene barake in zidana stavba z ogrevanjem), majhne delavnice, poštna postaja in cisterna. V trdnjavi je lahko hkrati prenočevalo okoli 500 vojakov.
The Ad Pirum fortress
In the late 3rd century A.D. the Romans built a mighty fortress around the Ad Pirum postal station and stationed a garrison in it. This was a time when the long era of peace and prosperity enjoyed by the Empire was beginning to be threatened by the incursions of several Germanic and barbaric tribes who plundered and conquered parts of its territories. To defend the empire, a more than 80 km (50 miles) long system of fortifications known as the Claustra Alpium Iuliarum was constructed, part of which was also the stronghold at Hrušica.
The ground plan of the fortress was adapted to the terrain and of an irregular oval shape. The fortress is surrounded by a high wall and were fortified with turrets. Such towers also provided extra fortification of the transverse wall with its narrow passage, which divided the fortress into an upper and a lower half. The buildings housing the garrison's command and the soldiers' barracks (wooden huts and a stone building with central heating) were located in the lower half of the fortress, along with a number of small workshops, the postal station and a cistern. The fortress could house a garrison of 500 soldiers.
Stolp, je eden izmed devetih stolpov, ki so služili opazovanju in zaščiti poznorimske trdnjave. Ker je bil prvotno štirikotni stolp uničen, so na istem mestu zgradili nov, petkotni stolp.
The tower is one of the nine towers that watched over the area and helped protect the Late Roman fort. As the initial rectangular tower had fallen into ruin, a new pentagonal tower was built in its place.
Ostanki obrambnega zidu
Remnants of the ancient defensive walls
V prvi polovici 15. stoletja je bila v opuščeni trdnjavi, na mestu starejše cerkve iz 12. stoletja, zgrajena gotska cerkev. Posvečena je bila Sv. Jedrti, zavetnici popotnikov.
Medieval church of St. Gertrude
In the early 15th century, a gothic church was built in the abandoned fort in the place of an even older church from the 12th century. It was dedicated to St. Gertrude, the patron saint of travellers.
Pred izgradnjo vojaške trdnjave, so Rimljani na tem mestu zgradili pošto in preprežno postajo. Od prvega stoletja je na tem mestu stala poštna postaja, katere ostanki danes niso vidni. V njih so popotniki lahko prenočili, se okrepčali ali zamenjali živali za nadaljnjo pot. Navadno so stale na razdaljah, ki jih je bilo moč prepotovati v enem dnevu.
Roman post station
Prior to the construction of their fortress, the Romans had built a postal station with stables for changing horses. In this location, an ancient Roman post station had stood since the 1st century, though it has since been completely destroyed. Inside, travellers could spend the night, get some food, feed their horses and even change their tired animals for rested ones. This is why they most often stood a day's travel distance apart.
Približno na istem mestu kot danes je že v rimskem času potekala nova glavna prometna povezava. Nadomestila je staro cesto čez Okro (Razdrto) in skrajšala potovanje med Emono (Ljubljano) in Akvilejo (Oglejem) vsaj za en dan. Rimljani so proti koncu 3. stoletja na najvišjem prelazu preko nje zgradili vojaško trdnjavo in tako zaprli prost prehod. Popotnik je trdnjavo prečkal po cesti skozi mogočna dvojna vrata, varovana z visokimi stolpi.
Main roman road through Hrušica
The main traffic route through the region was built to replace the old road through Ocra (Razdrto) and shortened the voyage between Emona (Ljubljana) and Aquileia (Oglej) by at least a day. Towards the end of the 3rd century, the Romans built a fort on the road's highest crossing and closed the way. Travellers then had to pass through a mighty double gate protected by tall towers.
Pogled na mogočna vhodna vrata s stolpoma nekoč in danes.
Trdnjavo je presekala cesta Akvileja - Emona, vhoda pa so na dveh straneh ščitila vrata, obdana s stolpoma, ki sta bila verjetno visoka 10 m.
Entrance gates with twin towers
View of the mighty entrance gates and tower once and today.
The road from Aquileia to Emona cut across the fortress and the entrance portals were protected on both sides by massive doors flanked by approximately 10 metre (33 ft.) high turrets.
Prečni zid, prehod in obzidje trdnjave
Zgornji del trdnjave je bil verjetno neposeljen, morda namenjen paši živine ali občasnemu šotorišču in za taktični umik vojske v primeru zasedbe spodnjega dela. V primeru skrajne nevarnosti pa so vojaki lahko zapustili trdnjavo skozi zasilni izhod, ki je viden še danes na njenem skrajnem severnem robu.
Transverse wall, passage and fortress walls
The upper part of the fortress was probably uninhabited. It may have been intended for pasture or even reserved for the occasional tent, though it most probably served for tactical retreat in case the lower part had been seized. However, if the battle was lost, the garrison could abandon the fortress through a hidden exit at the northernmost point of the fortress.
prehod / passage
Slovenski čebelnjak
Kdor se je v 4. stoletju usmeril iz Ljubljanske Kotline čez Hrušico v Italijo, je moral preiti tri obrambne pasove, promet po pomembni državni cesti med Emono in je bil strogo varovan s stolpi in trdnjavami, kjer so bile nameščene vojaške posadke. Ena takih zapor je bila na Lanišču. Rimska trdnjava je sodila v sklop zapornega sistema Claustra Alpium Iuliarum.
Lanišče - a late roman stronghold
In the 4th century A.D. all who travelled to Italy from the Ljubljana Basin via Hrušica had to pass through three defence perimeters. The traffic along one of the important roads of the Roman Empire, which connected Emona and Aquileia, was heavily guarded by towers and forts where troops were stationed. One such fortification was located in Lanišče. The Roman fort was a part of the walled defence system Claustra Alpium Iuliarum.
The fort served to protect and monitor all comings and goings along the Roman state road and in its surroundings as part of a system of walled defences. A turreted gatehouse - all traffic was funnelled through this gate, which directly controlled the thoroughfare, much as contemporary toll stations or customs posts do now.
Notranjost trdnjave / Inside the fort
V trdnjavi, ki je merila okoli 20 x 20 metrov, je v dvoetažnih lesenih stavbah, prislonjenih na obzidje, prebivala posadka, ki je štela do 50 mož. Prostori za vojake so bili v nadstropju, medtem ki je bilo pritličje namenjeno skladiščem ter konjskim hlevom. Na zahodni strani trdnjave so arheologi odkrili vhod, ob njem pa je bila opazovalna lina, enaka tisti na vzhodni strani trdnjave.
The fort, which measured 20 x 20 metres, housed a 50-man strong garrison. In two-story wooden barracks built up against the wall. The soldiers' quarters were on the first floor, while the ground floor served as a stabling and storage area. On the west side of the fort, archaeologists have discovered an entrance and alongside it an embrasure the same as on the building's east side.
Kalce pri Logatcu
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